Sauté Vegetables: In a large pot, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the chopped onion, minced garlic, and chopped celery. Sauté until the vegetables are softened and fragrant, about 3-4 minutes.
Brown Ground Beef: Add the lean ground beef to the pot with the sautéed vegetables. Break up the meat with a spoon and cook until browned, about 5-7 minutes. Stir in the finely grated carrot and continue to cook for another 2-3 minutes.
Pour in the tomato sauce and chicken broth. Stir well to combine all the ingredients. Season the soup with salt and pepper to taste. Bring the mixture to a simmer and let it cook for 10-15 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld together.
In a small bowl, whisk together the milk and cornstarch until smooth. Pour the mixture into the soup, stirring continuously.
Add the cottage cheese to the soup, stirring until it is fully melted and the soup has thickened slightly.
Taste the soup and adjust the seasoning if necessary. If you prefer a thicker consistency, you can simmer the soup for a few more minutes. Once ready, ladle the cheeseburger soup into bowls and serve hot.